Using embryonic stem cells from mice, Chinese scientists reported
Thursday they have created functioning sperm, which was injected into female
mice eggs and resulted in normal, fertile offspring.
While experts cautioned that the work is a long way from
being applicable to humans, the research may mark a step forward in efforts to
one day treat male infertility.
“Because currently available treatments do not work for many
couples, we hope that our approach could substantially improve success rates
for male infertility.”
The team, which included co-senior authors Qi Zhou and
Xiao-Yang Zhao of the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
published their work in the peer reviewed journal Cell Stem Cell.
Researchers took stem cells, derived from mouse embryos, and
used them to generate immature sperm-like cells, or spermatids.
To do this, they exposed mouse embryonic stem cells to a
chemical cocktail, which coaxed the cells into becoming primordial germ cells.
Then, they exposed these germ cells, which are like
precursor cells that can become other types of cells, to testicular cells and
sex hormones such as testosterone.
This environment helped transform the germ cells into “sperm-like
cells with correct nuclear DNA and chromosomal content,” said the study.
The sperm-like cells were then injected into mouse egg
cells, creating embryos that were implanted into female mice.
These females produced babies that later mated and gave birth
to the next generation.
Richard Sharpe, an expert in reproductive health at the
University of Edinburgh who was not involved in the study, described it as a
“mammoth piece of work that must have taken many years.”
He added: “What is new about this, is that the authors show
good evidence for correct development of the germ cells and their DNA at each
step along the way, which encourages the belief that ultimately this could be
made to work in men.”
Infertility is estimated to affect as many as 15 percent of
couples.
Much more work remains, said the study.
“Possible risks must be ruled out and ethical concerns
regarding the use of embryonic cells should be considered,” it said.
Other researchers pointed out that what works biologically
in mice may not translate so easily into humans.
“This research is potentially interesting but requires
independent verification,” said Azim Surani, director of germline and epigenomic
research at the University of Cambridge.
“It also remains to be seen if this protocol could work with
human stem cells because of the known differences between the mouse and human
germline.”
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